Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapeutics Market to 2020 - Novel Therapies to Offer Clinical Benefit in Small Patient Cohorts, New Report Launched

Minimal but Positive Increases in Incidence Rate and New Drug Approvals to Drive Market Growth

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is classed as an orphan disease, with a global incidence rate of approximately 2.5 diagnoses per 100,000 of the population per year. This is a clear limitation to market revenues, in comparison with major indications in oncology, such as breast and lung cancer. AML is a disease primarily of the elderly, with an average age of diagnosis of approximately 66 (American Cancer Society, 2014). Throughout the forecast period, the proportion of the population aged 65 and over is expected to increase significantly, as members of the baby boom generation of the 1940–1960s reach retirement age, coupled with low, or declining current birth rates across each territory analyzed in this report. The result of this shift in population demographics is an increase in the rate of AML across the entire population, increasing the prevalence population of those diagnosed with AML. This increase in prevalence is expected to be somewhat negated by an increase in patient cure rates, but overall the number of patients is expected to grow at a rate higher than that of general population growth throughout the forecast period. Although prevalence rates are expected to remain low, any increase in rate will have a noticeable impact on market revenues.

Furthermore, from the current developmental pipeline, five late-stage drugs have demonstrated particularly encouraging efficacy and safety results and are expected to be approved within the forecast period. These drugs (CPX-351, midostaurin, quizartinib, StemEx and treosulfan) are expected to make a moderate impact on the market, outcompeting inferior drugs and increasing treatment rates. However, the efficacy of each drug is restricted to small patient cohorts. Nevertheless, the approval of novel, premium-priced drugs in this market, which is heavily dominated by generics, will result in an increase in the Annual Cost of Therapy (ACoT) and therefore market revenues.

Lack of Targeted Therapies Addressed by Current Developmental Pipeline

There is a complete lack of targeted therapies in the current AML treatment landscape. Their development and introduction in this indication is significantly lacking, especially considering the relatively strong understanding of the cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities that cause the initiation and propagation of AML. Treatment is dominated by generic chemotherapeutic agents, predominantly cytarabine and daunorubicin, which have been the treatment of choice for the past four decades. The dynamics of the current developmental pipeline do, however, suggest a strong focus on the introduction of targeted therapy, with a wide range of novel targets specific to AML, growth and progression under development. These are predominately Small Molecule (SM) inhibitors of serine threonine proteins kinases, immunological agents against tumor associated antigens/genes, and antagonists against cell-surface receptors.

Targeting Leukemic Stem Cell Transplants may be Crucial in AML Treatment

Initial remission induction treatment of AML can be considered moderately successful, with response rates of 70–80% in young patients and on average 50% in elderly patients. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants (HSCT) offer a chance for long-term survival in applicable patients, but most patients ultimately relapse. Relapse is thought to be a consequence of the presence of a population(s) of leukemic stem cells which are resistant to chemotherapy. They ultimately resist treatment, and propagate to stimulate relapse. It can be speculated therefore that to effectively cure disease in the majority of patients, these populations of leukemic stem cells must be targeted. Efforts are being made to develop a targeted therapy, with immunotherapies against Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 35, a known cell surface marker of leukemic stem cells, under development. It can be hoped that an effective drug against leukemic stem cells will be introduced beyond the forecast period that will effectively increase the chance of obtaining a long-term remission.

Spanning over 163 pages, “Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapeutics Market to 2020 - Novel Therapies to Offer Clinical Benefit in Small Patient Cohorts” report covering the Introduction, Treatment Algorithm, Commercial and Clinical Prospects of Marketed Products, Commercial and Clinical Prospects of Marketed Products, Pipeline for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapeutics, Market Forecasts, Drivers and Barriers, Strategic Consolidations, Appendix.

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