Cell lines are one the major tools used in
research for studying the normal physiology and biochemistry of cells, the
effects of drugs and toxic compounds on the cells, drug screening and
development and large scale manufacturing of biological compounds. Cell culture
is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions derived
from microbial or animal cells. Cell lines are subculture of primary culture
also known as sub-clone. Cell lines derived from primary cultures have a
limited life span, after subsequent cultures, cells with the highest growth
capacity dominate which are selected for further cell development. Primary
cells are cells that are cultured directly from a subject and have a limited
lifespan. An immortalized cell line can proliferate indefinitely either through
random mutation or deliberate modification which are useful especially for
production of therapeutics.
The cell line development service market is
expected to grow at double digit CAGR to reach $1,214.7 million by 2025.
Increasing demand for biologics and biosimilars, growing incidence rate of
oncology and immunological disorder and growth in research activities related
to the diseases are driving the market. Technological improvements in
development, manufacturing, screening technologies and assays are giving
immense growth opportunity for the market. However, complexities in development
of stable cell lines and high risk of contamination due to complex purification
methods are restraining the market. Furthermore, stringent and complex
regulations and high cost and technical requirement to adhere with
accreditations such as GMP are posing threat to the industry.
Cell lines are essential for a wide range
of applications including gene function studies, drug discovery assays, the
production of biotherapeutics and diagnostics. The application for cell lines
includes research, bioproduction and diagnostics. Among research, cell lines
are used for studying disease, screening, cell-based assays are used during
discovery phase and preclinical development. Cell lines are used to produce a
wide range of biotherapeutics including vaccine, recombinant proteins that
include peptides, cytokines, hormones and clotting factors, enzymes and
monoclonal antibodies.
Biotherapeutics including monoclonal
antibodies, peptides, recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood related products
are produced in a wide variety of platforms, including non-mammalian expression
systems (bacterial, yeast, plant and insect) and mammalian expression systems
(including human cell lines). However,
the most appropriate expression system to be used is dependent on the type of
biopharmaceutical to be produced. Microbial systems are used for producing
relatively simple recombinant proteins such as insulin or antibody fragments.
They are attractive due to their low cost and high productivity. E. coli and S.
cerevisiae are the most commonly used systems. However, many biopharmaceuticals
including MABs, highly glycosylated proteins or recombinant proteins are large
and complex, mammalian cell lines are the most preferred platform used for
manufacturing them.
Post-translational modifications including
glycosylation, carboxylation, hydroxylation, sulphation, amidation are a significant
factor to select the type of cells to be used. Among them, glycosylation is the
most common modification. Mammalian expression system commanded the largest
revenue of the global cell line development services market, by expression
system in 2016. The most common mammalian cell cultures used for production of
biopharmaceuticals include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, baby hamster
kidney (BHK21) cells and murine myeloma cells (NS0 and Sp2/0).
Among cell line type, CHO cell line is the
most frequently used mammalian system, which is used in the manufacture of more
than 57% of currently approved biologics. CHO cells have been the industry’s
cell line workhorse for production of biopharmaceuticals. These cell line has
several major advantages being versatile, relatively easy to work with, having
well-understood glycosylation patterns. Approximately 26 monoclonal antibodies
and 31 recombinant proteins are produced using CHO cell lines.
The increasing demand for biologics and
biosimilars has increased the demand for production cell lines. The expiration
of blockbuster biologics has also driven the emergence of biosimilars.
Companies are working to produce efficient and less time consuming expression
systems and also using automation and robotics in screening of cell lines to
speed up the process. The SUREtechnology platform by Selexis S.A (Switzerland)
has been able to generate stable and high performing cell lines in three months
with productivity levels of 1-7 g/L for monoclonal antibodies and about 76
drugs in clinical phase and 3 marketed drugs have been developed.
Some of the major companies in the cell
line development market include Lonza (Switzerland),Fujifilm Diosynth (Japan) ,
Merck KGaA (Germany), Selexis S.A. (Switzerland), Rentschler Biotech (Germany),
Horizon Discovery (U.K.), Sartoris Stedim (France), Wuxi Apptec (China),
Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany) and Cook Pharmica (U.S.).
Some of the other players are Patheon (The
Netherlands), Syngene (India), Crown Bioscience (U.S.), Evotec (Germany),
Catalent (U.S.), Lake Pharma (U.S.), TCG Lifescience (India), Cobra Biologics
(U.K.), Eurofins (Luxembourg ), Abzena (U.K.), JHL Biotech (Taiwan), Charles
River Laboratories (U.S.), Genscript (China), Mabplex (U.S.), Trenzyme (Germany), JSR Life Sciences (U.S.),
Atum (U.S.), ATCC (U.S.).
Spanning over 238 pages “Cell
Line Development Services Global Market - Forecast to 2025” report
covers Executive Summary, Market Dynamics, Cell Line Development Services
Market, By Expression System, Cell Line Development Services, By Cell Type,
Cell Line Development Services, By Application, Cell Line Development
Technological Advancements, Key Developments, Market Share Analysis, Company
Profiles. This Report Covered 83 Companies Few Are - Abzena Plc, Boehringer
Ingelheim, Catalent Inc., Charles River Laboratories, Cook Pharmica, Crown
Biosciences, Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, Genscript Biosciences Corporation,
Horizon Discovery Group, Plc, Jhl Biotech Inc., Lonza Group.
Please visit this link for more details: http://mrr.cm/Ubk
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